Wikipedia:Citation templates

See Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup#Verifiability and sources for cleanup request templates (such as "citation needed" and many more).

Citation templates are used to format citations in a consistent way. The use of citation templates is neither encouraged nor discouraged. Templates may be used or removed at the discretion of individual editors, subject to agreement with other editors on the article. Because templates can be contentious, editors should not change an article with a consistent citation format to another without gaining consensus.

There are several families of citation templates. The {{Citation}} template is intended to provide citations for many types of references. The other main family has names of the form {{Cite xxx}} (for example, {{Cite book}} and {{Cite web}}). For consideration of article consistency bear in mind that these two families produce slightly different citation formats. For example, the {{Cite xxx}} family separates elements with a full stop, while the {{Citation}} template separates elements with a comma. There is also the {{harvard citation}} template family (see the end of this page).

Wikilinks to citation templates can be created in a number of ways, see wikilinks to full references. This is of particular interest for inline citations using parenthetical referencing or when using shortened footnotes.

Use in footnotes

For a citation to appear in a footnote, it needs to be enclosed in "ref" tags. You can add these by typing <ref> at the front of the citation and </ref> at the end. Alternatively you may notice below the edit box there is a list of "markup" which includes <ref></ref> - if you highlight your whole citation and then click this markup, it will automatically enclose your citation in ref tags. Optionally, one may add the name attribute by using <ref name=name>details of the citation</ref>. Thereafter, the same footnote may be used multiple times by adding <ref name=name/>.

One way to provide specific page numbers for multiple references at different locations in the same work is to use the {{rp}} template (which has extensive documentation transcluded on its main page).

Examples

Below are examples of how to use templates to cite books, encyclopedias, journals, theses, papers, websites, comic strips, videos, and editorial comics. See also Category:Citation templates.

• For full description of the template — click the template name
• Required field(s) are indicated in bold
• Copy and paste the text under "common usage" to use the template.
• Following each example is the resulting article text.

See Wikipedia:Citing sources#Tools for a list of tools which can help create some of the templates below.

Citations are commonly embedded in reference templates. See Wikipedia:Footnotes for information on a commonly used reference template.

source	template (required)	common usage	Example 1 article text	Example 2 article text
book	{{cite book}} title	{{cite book | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = | publisher = | date = | location = | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = }}	{{cite book | last = Mumford | first = David | authorlink = David Mumford | title = The Red Book of V… | publisher = [[Springer]] | location = Berlin | date = 1999 | pages = 198-203 | doi = 10.1007/b62130 | isbn = 354063293X }} Mumford, David (1999). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 198-203. Template:Citation/identifier. Template:Citation/identifier.	{{cite book | last = Cordell | first = Bruce R. | coauthors = Jeff Grubb, David Noonan | title = [[Manual of the Planes]] | publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]] | date = 2001 | pages = 198-203 | month = September | isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }} Cordell, Bruce R.; Jeff Grubb, David Noonan (2001). Manual of the Planes. Wizards of the Coast. pp. 198-203. Template:Citation/identifier.
	{{Citation}}	{{Citation | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = | place = | publisher = | year = | volume = | edition = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = }}	{{Citation | first = David | last = Mu… | author-link = David Mumfo… | title = The Red Book of V… | place = Berlin | publisher = Springer-Verl… | year = 1999 | doi = 10.1007/b62130 | isbn = 354063293X }} Mumford, David (1999), The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, Template:Citation/identifier, Template:Citation/identifier	{{Citation | last1 = Cordell | first1 = Bruce R. | last2 = Grubb | first2 = Jeff | last3 = Noonan | first3 = David | title = [[Manual of the Planes]] | publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]] | date = September 2001 | year = 2001 | isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }} Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (September 2001), Manual of the Planes, Wizards of the Coast, Template:Citation/identifier
journal	{{cite journal}} Title	{{cite journal | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = | journal = | volume = | issue = | pages = | publisher = | location = | date = | url = | issn = | doi = | id = | accessdate = }}	{{cite journal | authorlink = Stephen Brey… | title = Copyright: A Rejo… | journal = UCLA Law Review | volume = 20 | pages = 75–83 | date = October 1972}} Breyer, Stephen (October 1972). "Copyright: A Rejoinder". UCLA Law Review 20: 75–83.	{{cite journal | last = Bailey | first = David H. | authorlink = David H. Bailey | coauthors = [[Peter Borwein|Borwein… | title = The Quest for Pi | journal = Mathematical Intelligencer | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 50–57 | publisher = Springer-Verlag | location = Berlin | date = [[1999-06-25]] | url = http://crd.lbl.gov/…-quest.pdf | format = [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] | issn = 0343-6993 | accessdate = 2006-06-29 }} Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter B., and Borwein, Jonathan M. (1999-06-25). "The Quest for Pi" (PDF). Mathematical Intelligencer (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) 19 (1): 50–57. Template:Citation/identifier. http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/dhbpapers/pi-quest.pdf. Retrieved 2006-06-29.
	{{Citation}} journal (or periodical)	{{Citation | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = | journal = | volume = | issue = | pages = | date = | year = | url = | doi = | id = }}	{{Citation | last = Breyer | first = Stephen | author-link = Stephen Bre… | title = Copyright: A Rejo… | journal = UCLA Law Review | volume = 20 | pages = 75–83 | date = October 1972 | year = 1972 }} Breyer, Stephen (October 1972), "Copyright: A Rejoinder", UCLA Law Review 20: 75–83	{{Citation | last1 = Bailey | first1 = David H. | author1-link = David H. Bailey | last2 = Borwein | first2 = Peter | author2-link = Peter Borwein | last3 = Borwein | first3 = Jonathan… | author3-link = Jonathan M. Borwein | title = The Quest for Pi | journal = Mathematical Intelligencer | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 50–57 | publisher = Springer-Verlag | location = Berlin | date = 1999-06-25 | year = 1999 | url = http://crd.lbl.gov/…-quest.pdf | issn = 0343-6993 }} Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter; Borwein, Jonathan M. (1999-06-25), "The Quest for Pi", Mathematical Intelligencer (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) 19 (1): 50–57, Template:Citation/identifier, http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/dhbpapers/pi-quest.pdf
conference  report  or paper	{{cite conference}} title booktitle	{{cite conference | first = | last = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = | booktitle = | pages = | publisher = | date = | location = | url = | doi = | id = | accessdate = }}	{{cite conference | first = M. | last = Turk | authorlink = | coauthors = Pentland, A. | title = Face recognition … | booktitle = Proc IEEE Con… | pages = 586–591 | year = 1991 }} Turk, M.; Pentland, A. (1991). "Face recognition using eigenfaces". Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 586–591.	{{cite conference | last = Evans | first = N. R. | coauthors = Schaefer, G; Bond, H.; … | title = Direct detection of the clo… | booktitle = American Astronomical S… | place = Maui, Hawaii | date = [[2006-01-09]] | url = http://www.aas.org/pu…1130.htm | accessdate = 2006-07-02 }} Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Bono, G.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (2006-01-09). "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope". American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting. Retrieved on 2006-07-02.
	{{Citation}}	{{Citation | first = | last = | author-link = | first2 = | last2 = | author2-link = | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor2-last = | editor2-first = | contribution = | contribution-url = | title = | year = | pages = | place = | publisher = | url = | doi = | id = }}	{{Citation | last1 = Turk | first1 = M. | last2 = Pet… | first2 = A. | contribution = Face recog… | title = Proc IEEE Confere… | publisher = IEEE | pages = 586–591 | year = 1991 }} Turk, M.; Petland, A. (1991), "Face recognition using eigenfaces", Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, pp. 586–591	{{Citation | last1 = Evans | first1 = N. R. | last2 = Schaefer | first2 = G. | last3 = Bond | first3 = H. | last4 = Karovska | first4 = M. | last5 = Nelan | first5 = E. | last6 = Sasselov | first6 = D. | contribution = Direct detection of … | title = American Astronomical… | publisher = AAS | date = 2006-01-09 | year = 2006 | contribution-url = http://…30.htm }} Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (2006-01-09), "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope", American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting, AAS, http://www.aas.org/publications/baas/v37n4/aas207/1130.htm
encyclopedia	{{cite encyclopedia}} Title encyclopedia	{{cite encyclopedia | title = | encyclopedia = | volume = | pages = | publisher = | date = | id = | accessdate = }}	{{cite encyclopedia | title = Kirkegaard, Ole L… | encyclopedia = Grote Wink… | volume = 9 | publisher = [[Winkler P…]] | date = 1882 }} "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund". Grote Winkler Prins. 9. Winkler Prins. 1882.	{{cite encyclopedia | last = Kramer | first = Martin | authorlink = Martin Kramer | title = Bernard Lewis | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Hist… | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | location = London | date = 1999 | url = http://www.geocities.com/mart… | accessdate = 2006-05-23 }} Kramer, Martin (1999). "Bernard Lewis". Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing. 1. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 719–720. http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm. Retrieved 2006-05-23.
	{{Citation}} contribution=name of article	{{Citation | last = | first = | contribution = | year = | title = | editor-last = | editor-first = | volume = | pages = | place = | publisher = | id = }}	{{Citation | contribution = Kirkegaard… | title = Grote Winkler Pri… | editor-last = Winkler Pri… | editor-first = Anthony | editor-link = Anthony Win… | volume = 9 | publisher = Elsevier | year = 1882 }} Winkler Prins, Anthony, ed. (1882), "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund", Grote Winkler Prins, 9, Elsevier	{{Citation | last = Kramer | first = Martin | author-link = Martin Kramer | contribution = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | title = Encyclopedia of Historians … | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | place = London | year = 1999 | contribution-url = http://…is.htm }} Kramer, Martin (1999), "Bernard Lewis", in Boyd, Kelley, Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720, http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
news article	{{cite news}} Title	{{cite news | last = | first = | coauthors = | title = | work = | place = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date = | url = | accessdate = }}	{{cite news | last = McGee | first = Maggie | title = Seabed 'scarred' … | pages = 12–27 | publisher = CNN | date = [[2005-02-10]] | url = http://www.cnn.com/… | accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} McGee, Maggie (2005-02-10). "Seabed 'scarred' by tsunami quake". CNN. pp. 12–27. http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/02/10/tsunami.ship.ap/index.html. Retrieved 2006-07-03.	{{cite news | last = Andersen | first = David | coauthors = Witter, Lameen | title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO… | publisher = Marine Corps News | date = [[2006-02-17]] | url = http://www.military.com/Caree… | accessdate = 2006-06-02 }} Andersen, David; Witter, Lameen (2006-02-17). "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success". Marine Corps News. http://www.military.com/Careers/Content1?file=careersArticlesGoDaddy.htm&area=Reference. Retrieved 2006-06-02.
	{{Citation}} newspaper (or magazine, journal, periodical)	{{Citation | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = | newspaper = | pages = | year = | date = | url = }}	{{Citation | last=Cowdery | first=Oliver | author-link=Oliver Cowdery | title=Letter VIII | newspaper=[[Latter Day Sa… | volume=2 | issue=1 | pages=195–202 | year=1835 | date=October 1835 | url=http://www.centerp… }} Cowdery, Oliver (October 1835), "Letter VIII", Messenger and Advocate 2 (1): 195–202, http://www.centerplace.org/history/ma/v2n01.htm#195	{{Citation | last1 = Andersen | first1 = David | last2 = Witter | first2 = Lameen | title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO… | newspaper = Marine Corps News | date = 2006-02-17 | year = 2006 | url = http://www.military.com/Ca… }} Andersen, David; Witter, Lameen (2006-02-17), "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success", Marine Corps News, http://www.military.com/Careers/Content1?file=careersArticlesGoDaddy.htm&area=Reference
website	{{cite web}} title url	{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = | work = | publisher = | date = | url = | format = | doi = | accessdate = }}	{{cite web | last = Spiegel | first = Rachel | title = Research: Thalido… | url=http://science-educat… | accessdate = 2006-04-30 }} Spiegel, Rachel. "Research in the News: Thalidomide". http://science-education.nih.gov/nihHTML/ose/snapshots/multimedia/ritn/Thalidomide/index.html. Retrieved 2006-04-30.	{{cite web | last = Hansen | first = James E. | authorlink = James Hansen | coauthors = R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and … | title = GISS Surface Temperature An… | work = | publisher = [[Goddard Institute for… | date = 2005-12-15 | url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis… | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2006-09-28 }} Hansen, James E.; R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and K. Lo (2005-12-15). "GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation". NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/2005/. Retrieved 2006-09-28.
	{{Citation}} title url	{{Citation | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = | date = | year = | url = | accessdate = }}	{{Citation | last = Spiegel | first = Rachel | title = Research: Thalido… | url=http://science-educat… | accessdate = 2006-04-30 }} Spiegel, Rachel, Research in the News: Thalidomide, http://science-education.nih.gov/nihHTML/ose/snapshots/multimedia/ritn/Thalidomide/index.html, retrieved 2006-04-30	{{Citation | last1 = Hansen | first1 = James E. | author1-link = James Hansen | last2 = Ruedy | first2 = R. | last3 = Sato | first3 = M. | last4 = Lo | first4 = K. | title = GISS Surface Temperature An… | date = 2005-12-15 | year = 2005 | url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis… | accessdate = 2006-09-28 }} Hansen, James E.; Ruedy, R.; Sato, M.; Lo, K. (2005-12-15), GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/2005/, retrieved 2006-09-28
newsgroup  posting DO NOT USE TO VERIFY	{{cite newsgroup}} Title	{{cite newsgroup | title = | author = | date = | newsgroup = | id = | url = | accessdate = }}	{{cite newsgroup | author = Gary S. Terhune | title = Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del… | date = 2004-01-11 | newsgroup = microsoft.pub… | id = uAIVMjC2DHA.2336@TK2… | url = http://groups.googl… | accessdate = 2006-05-16 }}	{{cite newsgroup | title = How can helping "Kids in Af… | author = Trodel | date = 2006-06-10 | newsgroup= humanities.philosophy.ob… | id = 1149950890.204481.35810@h76g20… | url = http://groups.google.com/grou… | accessdate = 2006-07-03 }}
paper  thesis  dissertation	{{cite paper}} Title	{{cite paper | first = | last = | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = | version = | publisher = | date = | url = | format = | accessdate = }}	{{cite paper | author = Ziman, J.M., F.R… | title = Public Knowledge:… | date = 1968 | url =http://info.med.yale… | format = [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] | accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Ziman, J.M., F.R.S. (1968) (PDF). Public Knowledge: An essay concerning the social dimension of science. http://info.med.yale.edu/therarad/summers/ziman.htm. Retrieved 2006-07-03.	{{cite paper | author = Williamson, John | coauthors = Zagha, Roberto | title = From the Hindu Rate of Grow… | version = Working Paper No 144 | publisher = Center for Research on … | date = 2002 | url = http://scid.stanford.e…144.pdf | format = [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] | accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Williamson, John; Zagha, Roberto (2002) (PDF). From the Hindu Rate of Growth to the Hindu Rate of Reform. Working Paper No. 144. Center for research on economic development and policy reform. http://scid.stanford.edu/pdf/credpr144.pdf. Retrieved 2006-07-03.
patent	{{Citation}} inventor-last	{{Citation | inventor-last = | inventor-first = | inventorlink = | inventor2-last = | inventor2-first = | inventorlink2 = | publication-date = | issue-date = | title = | country-code = | description = | patent-number = }}	{{citation | inventor1-last = Degermark | inventor1-first = Mikael | inventor2-last = Brodnik | inventor2-first = Andrej | inventor3-last = Carlsson | inventor3-first = Svante | inventor4-last = Pink | inventor4-first = Stephen | title = Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams | issue-date = 2001 | patent-number = 6266706 | country-code = US}}
press release	{{cite press release}} Title	{{cite press release | title = | publisher = | date = | url = | accessdate = }}	{{cite press release | title = Nature compares W… | publisher = The Wikimedia… | date = [[2005-12-15]] | url = http://en.wikipedia… | accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} The Wikimedia Foundation (2005-12-15). Nature compares Wikipedia and Britannica. Press release. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Press_releases/Nature_compares_Wikipedia_and_Britannica. Retrieved 2006-07-03.	{{cite press release | title = HFPA Announces Timetable fo… | publisher = [[Hollywood Foreign P…]] | date = [[2006-05-25]] | url = http://www.hfpa.org/news/id/32 | accessdate = 2006-06-13 }} Hollywood Foreign Press Association (2006-05-25). HFPA Announces Timetable for 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards. Press release. http://www.hfpa.org/news/id/32. Retrieved 2006-06-13.
video (movie, television production, documentary, etc.)	{{cite video}} people title	{{cite video | people = | title = | medium = | publisher = | location = | year2 = }}	{{cite video | people = Al-Issawi, Omar … | title = [http://www.imdb…] | medium = TV-Series | publisher = Al-Issawi, Om… | location = Lebanon | year2 = 2001 }} Al-Issawi, Omar (Director). (2001). Harab libnan. [Television production]. Lebanon: Al-Issawi, Omar.	{{cite video | people = Dick Cavett | title = The Dick Cavett Show — Rock… | medium = DVD | publisher = Shout Factory | year2 = 2005 }} Dick Cavett. (2005). The Dick Cavett Show — Rock Icons (1969). [DVD]. Shout Factory.
television or radio  episode	{{cite episode}} title	{{cite episode | title = | episodelink = | series = | serieslink = | airdate = | season = | number = }}	{{cite episode | title = Tabula Rasa | episodelink = Tabula Rasa … | series = Lost | serieslink = Lost (TV Seri… | airdate = 2004-10-06 | season = 1 | number = 3 }}	{{cite episode | title = Duet | episodelink = Duet (Stargate Atlant… | series = Stargate Atlantis | serieslink = Stargate Atlantis | airdate = 2005-08-05 | season = 2 | number = 4 }}
court case (legal decision)	{{cite court}}	{{cite court |litigants = |vol = |reporter = |opinion = |pinpoint = |court = |date = |url= }}	{{cite court |litigants=Roe v. Wade |vol=410 |reporter=U.S. |opinion=113 |pinpoint= |court= |date=1973 |url=http://www.law.corn… }}
map	{{cite map}} publisher title edition	{{cite map |publisher = |title = |url = |edition = |section = |accessdate = }}	{{cite map |publisher=Kansas Departmen… |title=Official State Trans… |url=http://www.ksdot.org/b… |edition=2005-2006 |section=F9 |accessdate=2007-03-30 }} Kansas Department of Transportation. Official State Transportation Map [map], 2005-2006 edition. Section F9. Retrieved on 2007-03-30.	{{cite map |publisher=Skelly Oil Company |title=Highway Map of Oklahoma |cartography=Diversified Map Co |edition=1966 |section=11C }} Skelly Oil Company. Highway Map of Oklahoma [map], 1966 edition. Cartography by Diversified Map Co. Section 11C.
mailing list	{{cite mailing list}} title url	{{cite mailing list | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = | mailinglist = | date = | url = | accessdate = }}	{{cite mailing list |last=Murdock |first=Ian |authorlink=Ian Murdock |title=Debian GNU/Linux 0.9… |mailinglist=debian-announce |date=1995-10-26 |url=http://lists.debian.or… |accessdate=2007-04-20 }} Murdock, Ian (1995-10-26). "Debian GNU/Linux 0.93 Release 6 now available". debian-announce mailing list. http://lists.debian.org/debian-announce/debian-announce-1995/msg00007.html. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
video game	{{cite video game}} title developer	{{cite video game | title = | developer = | publisher = | date = | platform = | version = | level = | language = | isolang = | quote = }}	{{cite video game |title=[[Halo 3]] |developer= [[Bungie]] |publisher=[[Microsoft Game Studios]] |date=2007-09-25 |platform=[[Xbox 360]] |version=1.0 |level=The Storm |language=English |isolang= |quote='''Arbiter''': More Brutes? / '''Master Chief''': Worse.

Comic/cartoon citations and other notes

What to type	What it makes
{{Cite comic| writer=[[Stan Lee|Lee, Stan]] | penciller=[[Jack Kirby|Kirby, Jack]] | inker=[[Christopher Rule|Rule, Christopher]] | story=The Fantastic Four! | title=[[Fantastic Four|The Fantastic Four]] | volume=1 | issue=1 | date=November, 1961 | publisher=[[Marvel Comics]] | page=3 | panel=2 }} Notes This template allows for a cartoonist field to be used instead of the individual fields if there is a sole creator, as in Bone, or an artist field if the penciller and inker is the same person. The style of this template is based on Allen Ellis' Comic Art in Scholarly Writing: A Citation Guide, 1999. See the talk page for more details and field explanations.	Template:Comic book reference
{{Comic strip reference | cartoonist=[[Milton Caniff|Caniff, Milton]] | strip=[[Steve Canyon]] | paper=Journal Herald | location=Dayton, OH | date=July 15, 1967 | supplement=Color Comics Supplement | syndicate=Newspaper Syndicate | page=1 }} Notes The style of this template is based on Allen Ellis' Comic Art in Scholarly Writing: A Citation Guide, 1999. See the talk page for more details and field explanations.	Template:Comic strip reference
Harvard citation examples (Template:Harvard citation) Based on related Harvard citation template (automatically creates a one-directional link to the first matching Harvard reference on the same page): {{Harvard citation|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}} (full cite format) {{Harv|Smith|1879|p=289}} (short format) {{Harvtxt|Turner|1851}} asserts that ... (author's name part of text) {{Harvnb|Smith|1879}} (no brackets) {{Harv|Jones|2006|loc=section 5|Ref=none}} (non-linking) {{Harv|Lincoln|Washington|Adams|2007|pp=88–89}} (multi-author) Three Harvcol templates are altered to use colons to indicate page numbers. Their syntax is identical to the Harvard citation template: {{Harvcol|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}} {{Harvcol|Smith|1879|p=289}} {{Harvcoltxt|Blust|1999}} asserts that ... {{Harvcolnb|Smith|1879}} {{Harvcolnb|Lincoln|Washington|Adams|2007|pp=88–89}} Notes For compatibility with various author-name referencing styles, Surname and Year are mandatory. If there is only one author, the parameters Surname and Given may be replaced with Last and First, respectively. Template is generally compatible with Template:Cite book, but this lacks the linking functionality provided by Template:Citation. See also Wikipedia:Harvard citation template examples	(Turner 1851, pp. 10–11) Template:Harv Template:Harvtxt asserts that ... Template:Harvnb Template:Harv Template:Harv Harvcol templates (Turner 1851:10–11) (Smith 1879:289) Blust (1999) asserts that ... Smith 1879 Lincoln, Washington & Adams 2007:88–89

See also

• Category:Citation templates
  • Template:Ref – makes a simple reference, for use in a "References" section.
  • Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles/Citation quick reference - common templates
• Wikipedia:Citing sources
• Wikipedia:Verifiability
• Wikipedia:Citation needed - a citation needed template explanation
• Wikipedia:Reliable sources
• WebCite – tool to archive webpages to allow stable citation links.

External links

• Citation generator
• Citation generator for ISBN, PubMed, PubChem and other sources